TILs - Fueling Curiosity, One Insight at a Time

At Codemancers, we believe every day is an opportunity to grow. This section is where our team shares bite-sized discoveries, technical breakthroughs and fascinating nuggets of wisdom we've stumbled upon in our work.

Published: Sep 25, 2024
Author: Aman Suhag
System Analyst

Sending Body Data as json:
The json function in the request is simulating the body of the request. In a real-world scenario, when you send a request with data (like when you're submitting a form or sending some payload), it is typically part of the body of the HTTP request.
In your test case:

Code

json: async () => ({
  standupData,
}),

This simulates the request body. Since you're testing a PATCH method (which is often used to update resources), the server expects some data to update the resource. This json function acts like a mock for what would be req.body in a real request. In your API handler, you'd probably be extracting the body data using something like:

Code

const data = await req.json();

Thus, the test needs to mock this body data to simulate a real request. It's done asynchronously here because in actual implementations, reading the body data is often asynchronous (e.g., when streaming).
Passing Context (with params):
The context object typically holds parameters that are passed via the route in a Next.js API request, especially when using dynamic routes (e.g., /api/standups/[id]/toggle-status). In Next.js, when you define a dynamic API route like /api/standups/[id]/toggle-status, the id is part of the route path, and Next.js passes it in the context.params object.
In your test case:

Code

const context = {
  params: {
    id: standup.id,
  },
};

You're simulating the dynamic parameter id as part of the request. This is necessary because your API handler likely expects id to come from the route context (not just from the query string or body). In the handler, you're accessing context.params.id:

Code

const { id } = context.params as { id: string };

This allows your API handler to know which standup you're targeting for the update.
#app-router #dynamic-routes #json

Published: Sep 25, 2024
Author: Syed Sibtain
System Analyst

The dig method in Ruby is used to safely extract nested values from arrays or hashes. It allows us to traverse a data structure without worrying about whether each level of the structure exists, thus avoiding NoMethodError exceptions that occur when trying to call methods on nil.

Syntax:

Code

hash_or_array.dig(*keys)

Example:

Code

data = {
  user: {
    profile: {
      name: "John",
      age: 30
    }
  }
}

name = data.dig(:user, :profile, :name) # => "John"

#ruby #CU6U0R822

Published: Sep 13, 2024
Author: Vaibhav Yadav
Senior System Analyst

### PostgreSQL's Foreign Data Wrapper (FDW)

PostgreSQL's Foreign Data Wrapper (FDW) extension and its capabilities for accessing remote databases. FDW provides a standard method for connecting to and querying tables in different databases as if they were part of the local database. This feature is particularly useful for integrating data across multiple PostgreSQL instances or accessing data from different servers.

#### What is FDW?

Foreign Data Wrapper (FDW) is an extension in PostgreSQL designed to connect to external data sources. With FDW, users can perform operations on remote tables seamlessly, making it easier to integrate and analyze data across various systems.

#### How to Use FDW

Here's a concise guide on setting up and using FDW:

1. Install the FDW Extension:
To enable FDW, the extension must be installed in the PostgreSQL database:

Code

sql
   CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS postgres_fdw;

2. Create a Foreign Server:
Define the remote database connection details, including the host, port, and database name:

Code

sql
   CREATE SERVER my_foreign_server
   FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgres_fdw
   OPTIONS (host 'your_host', port '5432', dbname 'remote_db');

3. Set Up User Mapping:
Configure authentication details for accessing the remote server:

Code

sql
   CREATE USER MAPPING FOR local_user
   SERVER my_foreign_server
   OPTIONS (user 'remote_user', password 'remote_password');

4. Create Foreign Tables:
Define tables in the local database that map to the remote database tables:

Code

sql
   CREATE FOREIGN TABLE foreign_table_name (
       column1 datatype,
       column2 datatype
       -- other columns
   )
   SERVER my_foreign_server
   OPTIONS (schema_name 'public', table_name 'remote_table');

5. Query the Foreign Tables:
Query the foreign tables as if they were local tables:

Code

sql
   SELECT * FROM foreign_table_name;

#### Example Use Case

For instance, if there are two databases on the same PostgreSQL server—sales_db and hr_db—FDW can be used to access employee data from hr_db while working within sales_db. This setup simplifies data integration and reporting across different databases.

FDW streamlines data access and management, providing a powerful tool for integrating and analyzing data from multiple sources within PostgreSQL.

#postgres #database #fdw

Published: Sep 12, 2024
Author: Adithya Hebbar
System Analyst

To make your Django application ASGI-compatible and run it with Daphne, follow these steps:

1. Install Daphne: Install Daphne if you haven't already:

Code

pip install daphne

2. Ensure ASGI Configuration: Your asgi.py file should look like this:

Code

import os
   from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application

   os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'your_project_name.settings')

   application = get_asgi_application()

3. Update settings.py: Add the ASGI_APPLICATION setting to point to your ASGI application:

Code

ASGI_APPLICATION = 'your_project_name.asgi.application'

Replace 'your_project_name.settings' with the path to your Django settings module.

4. Run Daphne: Start Daphne with your ASGI application using:

Code

daphne -u your_project_name.asgi:application

Alternatively, run it on a specific port:

Code

daphne -p 8000 your_project_name.asgi:application

This setup will get your Django application running with Daphne as the ASGI server.

#python #django #daphne

Published: Sep 12, 2024
Author: Ashwani Kumar Jha
Senior System Analyst

A Lambda layer in AWS Lambda is a feature that lets us manage and share common code and libraries across multiple Lambda functions. By creating a Lambda layer, we can package common code in its own module, which can then be used by our Lambda functions. This reduces duplication and simplifies the management of shared code.

Published: Sep 10, 2024
Author: Adithya Hebbar
System Analyst

We can generate a base64-encoded random key easily using either openssl or a combination of dd and base64. Here's how:

Code

openssl rand -base64 32

Alternatively, using dd and base64:

Code

dd if=/dev/urandom bs=32 count=1 2>/dev/null | base64

Both commands will give you a 32-byte random key encoded in base64.

#encryption #openssl

Published: Aug 28, 2024
Author: Adithya Hebbar
System Analyst

To rename a table in TypeORM, follow these steps:

• Create a new migration.

Code

npx typeorm migration:create -n RenameTable

This will create a new migration file in the migrations directory

• Edit the Migration File:

Code

import { MigrationInterface, QueryRunner } from "typeorm";

export class RenameTable1724826351040 implements MigrationInterface {

    public async up(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
        await queryRunner.renameTable('old_table_name', 'new_table_name');

    }

    public async down(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
        await queryRunner.renameTable('new_table_name', 'old_table_name');
    }

}

• Run the migration:

Code

npm run typeorm -- migration:run

#typeorm #js

Published: Aug 27, 2024
Author: Syed Sibtain
System Analyst

Handling Image Uploads with Active Storage in Rails

Active Storage simplifies file uploads in Rails by attaching files to models.

Setup: Install Active Storage and run rails active_storage:install and rails db:migrate to create necessary tables.

Model Configuration: Use has_many_attached :images to allow multiple image uploads in our model. Example:

Code

class SomeModel < ApplicationRecord
  has_many_attached :images
end

Form: Ensure the form includes multipart: true and allows multiple file uploads with form.file_field :images, multiple: true.

Controller: Permit images in the strong parameters with images: []. Example:

Code

def some_params
  params.require(:some_model).permit(:note, images: [])
end

Migration: Remove old image columns if switching from direct storage to Active Storage.
#CU6U0R822 #activestorage #fileupload

Published: Aug 27, 2024
Author: Adithya Hebbar
System Analyst

To logout from Keycloak using the signOut function in NextAuth, you need to override the default behavior to ensure that the user is properly logged out from Keycloak as well. Here's how you can update your signOut function:

Code

async signOut({ token }) {
  if (token.provider === "keycloak") {
    const issuerUrl = authOptions.providers.find((p) => p.id === "keycloak")
      .options!.issuer!;
    const logOutUrl = new URL(
      `${issuerUrl}/protocol/openid-connect/logout`
    );
    logOutUrl.searchParams.set("id_token_hint", token.id_token!);
    await fetch(logOutUrl);
  }
}

#keycloak #nextauth #nextjs #js

Published: Aug 8, 2024
Author: Giritharan
System Analyst

Delegating Permissions in Pundit:

I encountered a scenario where I needed to retrieve the scope of one policy and use it within another policy. Specifically, I wanted to delegate permissions from one policy to another.

To address this issue, I learned to use Pundit's methods for manually retrieving policies and scopes:
• Retrieving a Policy

Code

Pundit.policy(user, record)  # Returns nil if the policy does not exist
Pundit.policy!(user, record) # Raises an exception if the policy does not exist

• Retrieving a Policy Scope:

Code

Pundit.policy_scope(user, ModelClass)  # Returns nil if the policy scope does not exist
Pundit.policy_scope!(user, ModelClass) # Raises an exception if the policy scope does not exist

These methods allowed me to delegate permissions effectively by retrieving and applying the appropriate scopes and policies

#rails #pundit #pundit-policy #authorization

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